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Sandhyavandana (Sanskrit: ) is a mandatory religious ritual that needs to be performed by all twice-born people of Hinduism . Especially brahmins who are initiated into the sacred thread ceremony called as Upanayanam, and instructed in its execution by a Guru (a qualified spiritual teacher). Sandhyavandanam consists of excerpts from the Vedas that are to be performed thrice daily at morning (), at noon (), and in the evening (). Sandhyavandanam is the oldest extant liturgy in world religion. It may be a practice descended from the much older daily Agnihotra. Sandhyavandanam literally means salutation to Sandhya. Sandhya literally means transition moments of the day namely the two twilight: dawn and dusk and the solar noon. Thus Sandhyavandanam means salutation to twilight or solar noon. The term ' is also used by itself in the sense of "daily practice" to refer to the performance of these devotions at the opening and closing of the day.〔For use of the term ' as meaning "daily practice" see Taimni, p. 7.〕〔For as juncture of the two divisions of the day (morning and evening) and also defined as "the religious acts performed by Brahmans and twice-born men at the above three divisions of the day" see Monier-Williams, p. 1145, middle column.〕 〔http://www.sandhyaavandanam.com/〕〔==Sandhya Vandana==〕 The steps in the Sandhyavandan always include the following essential ones: # Achamana consists of Nama Sankirthana---taking the names of the Lord # Pranayama is the ritual purification of internals via breathing exercises # Marjana is a ritual self-purification # Mantra Prokshanam is a prayer for atonement of sins # Aghamarshana (performed by some schools, especially Rig Vedins) is a prayer for forgiveness of sins # Gayathri japa is meditation # Upasthanam is prayer to Mitra (in the morning prayer) & Varuna (in the evening prayer) # AbhivAdana is a salutory introduction offered to all deities. It usually follows a prostration to the deities of each direction ("dikpaalas") In addition to the above Vedic components of the Sandhyavandanam, many include the following tantric component # Navagraha tarpana is offerings to each of the nine planets daily The steps in the Rigvediya Sandhyavandan are 28 in number . The Emerging Need to Perform Sandhyaavandanam Daily is increasing .〔http://www.sandhyaavandanam.com/〕 ==Main components of Sandhyavandanam== Poorvaangam * Aachamana + Angavandanam - Sipping water three times + purifying parts of the body * Ganapathi Dhyanam - Requesting Lord Ganeshaa for cessation of obstacles * Pranayama - (Prana) Breathing (aayamaha) regulation exercise controls Pranamayakosha (Physiological aspect). Pranamaya kosha include these 5 systems - Prana (respiratory system), apana (excretory system), vyana (circulatory system), samana (digestive) and udana (reversing system). Influences Anamayakosha (Anatomical aspect) and Manomayakosha (Emotional aspect). There are 2 types: Kevala pranayama (Done silently - focus is on body) and Sagarbha pranayama (recommended) (With mantra - health improves but we remain detached from body). Done 3 times to 10 times. Meaning of Mantra - Pranava - Om means eeswarah (implying that God is everything). Vyahrithihi) - Bhu, bhuvaha etc. refer to 7 upper lokas (other 7 lower lokas are implied) are all God. Gayatri - Simple meaning - I meditate upon the light of the sun which activates our intellient) Gayatri shiras (again says that God is everything - All waters (aapo), lights (jyothi), essences/nourishment(raso), God's nourishment (amrutham) is God). * Sankalpam - Taking the resolve - has benefit of auto-suggestion (telling yourself that this is your focus for next 15 odd minutes). * Prokshanam - * Jalaprashanam or Marjanam * Arghya pradanam * Navagraha Kesavathi Tarpana * Gayatri japam * Upasthaanam * Dik-Vandhanam * Abhivadanam * Samarpanam Chanting of the Gayatri mantra, traditionally, is done 32, 64 or 108 times (it depends on the person doing sandhyavandana; he can chant any number of times. "YathaSakti Gayatri mantra japam karishye" was the sankalpam in Sandhya vandana), depending upon the prescriptions of the practitioner's Veda and Sutra, an integral part of Sandhyavandanam.〔For chanting of the Gayatri mantra as part of practice see Taimni, p. 1.〕 In addition to the mantra, the ritual of ' includes other rites that are purifying and preparatory (Sanskrit: ' mantras), serving to prevent distracting thoughts and bring focus to the mind. Some of these are propitiatory libations of water to the Gods of the planets and of the months of the Hindu calendar, atoning for Sandhyavandanams not performed and atoning for sins committed since the last hour of Sandhya. In addition, one of the most important rituals of Sandhyavandanam involves worshiping the Sun as Mitra in the morning and worshiping Varuna, in the evening. Each Shakha of the holy Veda has its own unique way of sandhyavandanam. Shatatapa Smriti says a Dwija who doesn't do sandhyavandanam at least once will be a dog in the next birth. During Ashoucham (during death of any relative or birth of a child) sandhyavandanam is done without water and Darbham (Kusha grass). On Trayodashi, during sayam sandhya minimum gayatri japam and silence is prescribed by some vedik scholars. There are few additional mantras in Navagraha Kesavathi Tarpana for Bodhayana Sutra. They include Yama mantras, in addition to Navagraha Kesavathi mantras. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sandhyavandanam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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